Thyroid Disorders

Thyroid Disorders

Thyroid disorders occur when the thyroid gland, located in the neck, does not produce hormones in the correct amounts. The thyroid produces hormones that regulate metabolism, energy production, and many other vital bodily functions. The most common thyroid disorders are hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid produces too little thyroid hormone, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, depression, and cold sensitivity. Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, is characterized by an overproduction of thyroid hormones, causing symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, weight loss, anxiety, and increased sweating. Thyroid disorders are often diagnosed through blood tests that measure levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Treatment depends on the specific disorder. Hypothyroidism is commonly treated with synthetic thyroid hormone replacement, while hyperthyroidism may be managed with antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to remove part of the thyroid. Regular monitoring of thyroid function is essential to ensure optimal treatment and prevent complications, such as heart disease or osteoporosis. Early detection and treatment can help people with thyroid disorders lead normal, healthy lives.