Haemorrhoids
Haemorrhoids, or piles, are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus, resembling varicose veins. They are categorized as internal (within the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus). Haemorrhoids are caused by increased pressure in the lower rectum due to factors like straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, obesity, or prolonged sitting. Symptoms may include discomfort, itching, swelling, and bleeding during defecation. External haemorrhoids can also form painful blood clots known as thrombosed haemorrhoids. Treatment varies based on the severity of the condition. Mild cases can be managed with lifestyle changes, such as eating a high-fiber diet, drinking plenty of fluids, and exercising to maintain healthy bowel habits. Over-the-counter creams and warm sitz baths can help reduce discomfort and swelling. More severe cases may require medical interventions like rubber band ligation, coagulation therapy, or surgical removal. Preventing haemorrhoids involves avoiding prolonged sitting or straining, practicing good hygiene, and addressing underlying health issues like constipation. While not typically serious, untreated haemorrhoids can lead to complications like anemia or infection. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve quality of life and alleviate symptoms.