Anal Fissures

Anal Fissures

Anal fissures are small tears in the thin, moist tissue lining the anus. These fissures typically result from trauma to the anal canal, often caused by passing large or hard stools, chronic constipation, or diarrhea. Common symptoms include sharp pain during bowel movements, itching, and visible blood on the stool or toilet paper. Anal fissures can occur at any age and are a common condition, but they are particularly prevalent in infants and older adults. Initial treatment focuses on relieving pain and promoting healing through dietary modifications, such as increasing fiber and fluid intake, and using stool softeners to prevent strain. Topical ointments containing nitroglycerin or calcium channel blockers may be prescribed to relax the anal sphincter and improve blood flow to the affected area. In chronic or severe cases, more advanced treatments like botulinum toxin injections or surgery (lateral internal sphincterotomy) may be required. Preventing anal fissures involves adopting healthy bowel habits, staying hydrated, and managing underlying digestive issues. Homeopathic approaches and warm sitz baths can also aid in reducing discomfort and accelerating recovery. Early treatment is essential to prevent complications such as persistent fissures or anal stenosis.