Arthritis
Arthritis is a general term for a group of more than 100 diseases that cause inflammation in the joints. The most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Osteoarthritis occurs when the protective cartilage between bones deteriorates, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling. It usually affects older adults and typically impacts weight-bearing joints like the knees, hips, and spine. Rheumatoid arthritis, on the other hand, is an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system attacks the synovium (lining of the joints), leading to chronic inflammation and joint damage. Other types of arthritis include gout, lupus, and psoriatic arthritis. Symptoms of arthritis include joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and difficulty moving the affected joints. Although there is no cure for arthritis, treatment focuses on managing symptoms, reducing inflammation, and improving joint function. This can involve medications such as pain relievers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Physical therapy and regular exercise are also beneficial for maintaining joint mobility and strength. In some cases, surgery may be needed to repair or replace damaged joints. Managing weight, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding repetitive stress on the joints can help reduce symptoms and prevent further damage.